キリストの磔刑の三連祭壇画

The Virgin presses her cheek against the bloody wood of the cross. Around her, one continuous landscape runs across three panels to a distant Jerusalem.

The story behind the painting

Rogier van der Weyden painted this altarpiece around 1443 to 1445. It is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was painted as a single panel and later cut, but the triptych form was intended from the start: the painter painted delicate golden frames onto the picture itself. The patron is unknown. Since Rogier was official painter to the court in Brussels, it may have been someone connected to the court, a burgher, noble or courtier.

What to look for

In the centre, the Virgin in lapis blue and a white head covering clings to the cross below Christ's pierced feet, her face flushed and wet with tears, her cheek against the bloody wood. John in a red robe lays a hand on her back and looks up at Jesus. To the right kneel the two donors, separated from the holy scene only by a small crack in the earth. Christ's loincloth floats against gravity, and angels fly level with his upper body. On the left panel Mary Magdalene stands alone holding her ointment jar; on the right Veronica shows the cloth with Christ's face. One landscape of green hills and graded blue sky unites all three panels.

Meaning and intent

The crack in the ground lets the donors share the scene while keeping the earthly and the holy apart. The man gazes at the Crucifixion, while the woman seems absorbed in an inner experience, and the image becomes a prayer aid, helping a viewer imagine being present. Rogier also breaks with tradition: Veronica, usually shown old, appears young and smooth-skinned, while the Magdalene, usually young, looks older and isolated. The two women thus become signs of his own choices.

Legacy

The work shows Rogier's precision and intense, almost hyperreal emotion, typical of the Northern style. Wikipedia notes that he learned much from Robert Campin's workshop, and that this painting shows him shaping a style of his own, independent of Campin. Rogier had succeeded Jan van Eyck as the leading painter of his region, and the triptych, painted as one panel with its frames painted in, shows how he turned the Crucifixion into an intimate prayer aid for private patrons. It remains one of the treasures of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.